Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize is annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural of scientific advances. It was established by Alfred Nobel, Swedish industrialist and chemist, inventor of the dynamite, in his will. Prizes are awarded on December 10^th, anniversary of the death of its creator. People, who have done important pioneering techniques, create or made outstanding contributions to society can be indicated. The laureates’ names are announced in October.

The award consists of a gold medal with an effigy of Alfred Nobel, engraved with his name, a diploma with the mention of the award and a monetary sum which varies according to the proceeds of the Nobel Foundation, but it’s around one million and half euros. The original purpose was to allow the laureates to continue working or researching without financial pressures.

The following awards are given annually:

Nobel Prize in Physics, decided by the Royal Academy of Sciences of Sweden

Nobel Prize in Chemistry, decided by the Royal Academy of Sciences of Sweden

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, decided by the Karolinska Institute

Nobel Prize in Literature, decided by the Royal Academy of Sciences of Sweden

Nobel Peace Prize, decided by a committee appointed by the Norwegian parliament

The Nobel Prize is awarded under various conditions: can be won individually or shared between up three people, or may not be awarded in a given year, which allows the granting of two awards in the same category the following year. In addition, in a particular field may not be granted for one year or more, which happens more often with the Nobel Peace Prize.

2011 Nobel Prize Announcements

Physics: the discovered of the accelerating expansion of the universe trough observations of distant supernovae, which one half to Saul Perlmutter and other half to Brian P. Schmidt and Adam G. Riess

Chemistry: is awarded to Dan Schetchtman for the discovery of quasicrystals

Physiology or Medicine: divided to Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann, the award was for discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity, and the other half to Ralph M. Steinman, for discovery the dendritic cell and its role adaptive immunity

Literature: is awarded to Tomas Transtromer because through his condensed translucent images, he give us fresh access to reality